Specific PCR for Identification of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Seeds， A. membranaceus Seeds， and Adulterants / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a method based on specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR） that can accurately and rapidly identify Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus （AMM） seeds and A. membranaceus （AM） seeds. MethodThe Chloroplast Genome Information Resource （CGIR） and IdenDSS were used to obtain the characteristic DNA fragments of AMM and AM， and the specific single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites of AMM and AM were screened out， on the basis of which the specific primers MG-F/MG-R of AMM and MJ-F/MJ-R of AM were designed. The specific PCR method for identifying AMM and AM was established and optimized， and the specificity and applicability of the method were investigated. ResultThe specific PCR conditions for the identification of AMM were primers MG-F/MG-R， annealing at 62 ℃， and 28 cycles. After PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis， the specific band appeared at about 220 bp， with no band for the seeds of AM or adulterants. The specific PCR conditions for identifying the AM were primers MJ-F/MJ-R， annealing at 58 ℃， and 28 cycles. After PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis， the band appeared at about 150 bp， with no band of AMM or adulterants. ConclusionThe specific PCR method established in this study can accurately and quickly identify the seeds of AMM and AM， which provides a basis for the classification and accurate identification of Astragalus seeds and adulterants.

Methods for Identifying Seeds of Chinese Medicinal Materials： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Seeds are the source for the production of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed authenticity and quality of directly affect the effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicinal materials. The seed quality is faced with the problems such as mixed sources， existence of adulterants and seeds stocked for years， low maturity， and low purity. To ensure the high-quality and sustainable development of the Chinese medicinal material industry， it is urgent to standardize the seed market and identify and evaluate the quality of the seeds circulating in the market. Seed identification methods include visual inspection， microscopic observation， micro-character identification， chemical fingerprinting， molecular identification， electronic nose， X-ray diffraction， electrochemical fingerprinting， spectral imaging， and artificial intelligence. These methods have different application scopes and unique advantages and disadvantages. According to the different species of Chinese herbal medicines and different requirements of testing sites， suitable methods can be selected to achieve rapid and accurate identification with low costs. In the future， the seed identification methods should be developed based on emerging technologies with interdisciplinary knowledge， and intelligent， nondestructive， and single-grain detection methods are needed for the modern Chinese medicinal material industry. This paper introduces the seed identification technologies currently applied in research and production， compares the principles， applicability， advantages， and disadvantages of different technologies， and provides an outlook on the future development of seed identification technologies， aiming to provide a reference for the identification and quality evaluation of seeds of Chinese medicinal material.

Construction of a risk warning model for acute lung injury caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection / 中华传染病杂志

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of acute lung injury (ALI) caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection, and to construct a risk warning model. Methods:Patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection confirmed by sputum or blood culture admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from January 1, 2020 to May 10, 2022 were enrolled and divided into ALI group and non-ALI group. The age, smoking status, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), albumin, oxygenation index and other clinical data were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis was performed by using independent sample t test and chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen the independent risk factors of ALI caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection, and a risk warning model was constructed. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive ability of the model. Results:There were 96 cases of Staphylococcus aureus infection, including 68 cases (70.8%) in ALI group, of which 41 cases (60.3%) were positive in sputum culture and 27 cases (39.7%) were positive in blood culture. Compared with the non-ALI group, the proportion of patients aged ≥60 years in ALI group was lower (58.8%(40/68) vs 64.3%(18/28)), the proportion of smoking was higher (58.8%(40/68) vs 35.7%(10/28)), and the differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=0.76 and 0.03, respectively, both P<0.05). The levels of CRP, PCT and NLR in the ALI group were all higher than those in non-ALI group, while oxygenation index and albumin level were both lower, and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-5.28, -3.46, -9.87, 12.83 and 3.08, respectively, all P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that CRP (odds ratio ( OR)=1.973, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.956 to 2.989), PCT ( OR=3.734, 95% CI 1.014 to 13.746), NLR ( OR=1.152, 95% CI 1.058 to 2.254) and albumin ( OR=1.527, 95% CI 1.110 to 2.102) were independent risk factors for ALI caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. The areas under the ROC curve of CRP, PCT, NLR, albumin and the risk warning model constructed from the combination of four risk factors were 0.69, 0.81, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.93, respectively. The sensitivities were 65.14%, 89.91%, 84.40%, 56.88% and 98.17%, respectively. The specificities were 62.37%, 60.22%, 65.59%, 80.64% and 93.55%, respectively. The accuracy of the effectiveness test of the risk warning model was 84.97%. Conclusions:CRP, PCT, NLR and albumin are the independent risk factors for ALI caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. The risk warning model based on the above factors has a good early warning effect on ALI caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection.

Hemolysis caused by autologous blood transfusion in ectopic pregnancy patient with hemorrhagic shock: a case report / 中国综合临床

Ectopic pregnancy is a common gynecological acute abdomen disease. Once the pregnant tissue is ruptured, it will rapidly develop into hemorrhagic shock or even death. In recent years, blood transfusion from the body is widely used in the rescue of intra-abdominal hemorrhage of ectopic pregnancy, which can reduce the time of cross matching and blood collection, reduce the risk of allogeneic blood transfusion, and enable patients with hemorrhagic shock to receive timely and effective treatment. Hemolysis caused by autologous blood transfusion is rarely reported. Once hemolysis occurs, if it is not handled in time, severe cases can occur acute renal injury, hyperkalemia, or cardiac arrest or even sudden death. We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with hemolysis after autologous blood transfusion, suggesting that the adverse reactions of blood transfusion occur not only in allogeneic blood transfusion, but also in autologous blood transfusion. It should be handled reasonably in clinical work to reduce the occurrence of similar complications.

Specific PCR Identification of Artemisia absinthium， A New Foreign Medicinal Resource of Artemisia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR） method for the identification of Artemisia absinthium to allow accurate and convenient identification of A. absinthium and its related species. MethodThe chloroplast genome sequences of A. absinthium and its related species were searched from Chloroplast Genome Information Resource （CGIR）， and the specific single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） sites of A. absinthium were screened out. A pair of specific identification primers （zykh1-F and zykh1-R） of A. absinthium was designed. The original plant samples of A. absinthium and its related species were collected. The specific PCR method was established and optimized， and the tolerance and feasibility of this method were investigated and verified. The method was used to identify A. absinthium samples purchased from Xinjiang medicinal materials market. ResultA 210 bp bright band was obtained from A. absinthium after PCR amplification and gel electrophoresis under the following conditions： specific primers zykh1-F and zykh1-R， annealing temperature of 54 ℃， and the number of cycles of 33. No such band was observed from its relative species， such as A. argyi， A. annua， A. leucophylla， and A. lavandulaefolia. ConclusionThe specific PCR identification method of established in this study can accurately identify A. absinthium and its common related species with high specificity. The method can save time and cost and allows a convenient and fast species identification for the introduction and utilization of A. absinthium resources.

Rapid Screening of Gastrodia elata with High Purity by PCR-RFLP Identification / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid screening method for germplasm materials of Gastrodia elata with high purity， and lay a foundation for pure line breeding and cross breeding. MethodBased on the whole genome sequencing and population resequencing of G. elata， 20 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were developed by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-RFLP method was used to carry out restriction endonuclease experiments on 20 RFLP markers of 15 G. elata germplasms. According to the number of enzymatic bands at 20 RFLP marker sites, the purity of 15 germplasms was calculated and evaluated. On this basis, genome resequencing technology was used to verify the assessment results. ResultTen germplasm materials with purity greater than 95% were screened out by PCR-RFLP method， 3 of which had 95% purity and 7 had 100% purity. Nine germplasm materials with purity greater than 95% were screened out by genome resequencing methods, and 8 of them were consistent with the results of PCR-RFLP. ConclusionThe PCR-RFLP method established in this study for screening G. elata germplasms with high purity precision of RFLP markers has 80% precision and 89% accuracy. The method is simple， efficient， and significantly less expensive than genome resequencing method, which provides technical support for pure line breeding of G. elata and references for breeding of other Chinese medicinal materials.

Clinical analysis of 368 cases of superficial esophageal cancer treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of superficial esophageal cancer (SEC), and to explore the application value of ESD in the treatment of SEC.Methods:From January 2016 to December 2019, at The First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, the clinical data of 368 patients with SEC and receiving ESD treatment were retrospectively analyzed, induding the general condition, the circumferential proportion of lesions, effectiveness of ESD treatment (en bloc resection rate, complete resection rate, curative resection rate, operation time and resected lesion area), incidence of complications and follow-up. 368 patients were divided into stenosis group (94 cases) and non-stenosis group (274 cases) according to the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after ESD. The circumferential proportion of lesions, operation time and resected lesion area were compared between stenosis group and non-stenosis group, and the independent risk factors of esophageal stenosis after ESD were analyzed. Independent sample t test, chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among 368 patients, 270(73.4%) were male and 98 (26.6%) were female; the age was (64.4±7.6) years old. The circumferential proportion of lesions of 231 cases (62.8%) was <1/2 circle, 49 cases (13.3%) was 1/2 to <2/3 circle, and 88 cases (23.9%) was ≥2/3 circle. The en bloc resection rate of the lesion was 98.6%(363/368), the complete resection rate and curative resection rate were both 97.8% (360/368). The operation time was (89.4±47.9) min. The area of resected lesion was (12.5±8.9) cm 2. The incidence of perforation during operation, delayed bleeding and stenosis was 0.3% (1/368), 0.5% (2/368) and 25.5% (94/368), respectively. The followed-up period was 8 to 53 months, and the median follow-up period was 25 months. During the follow-up period, no recurrence or new lesion was found, and no lymph node or distant metastasis occurred. The circumferential proportion of lesions of 38 cases (40.4%) of stenosis group and 193 cases (70.4%) of non-stenosis group was <1/2 circle, respectively, the circumferential proportion of lesions of 9 cases (9.6%) and 40 cases (14.6%) was 1/2 to <2/3 circle, respectively, the circumferential proportion of lesions of 47 cases (50.0%) and 41 cases (15.0%) was ≥2/3 circle, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=47.30, P<0.01). The operation time of stenosis group was longer than that of non-stenosis group, the resected lesion area was larger than that of non-stenosis group ((126.1±56.3) min vs. (76.8±37.2) min, (17.5±10.7) cm 2 vs. (10.8±7.4) cm 2), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.57 and 5.41, both P<0.01). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that circumferential proportion of lesions ≥2/3 circle, operation time and the resected lesion area were independent risk factors for the occurrence of esophageal stenosis after ESD (odds ratio=0.253, 1.018 and 1.041, 95% confidence interval 0.116 to 0.551, 1.011 to 1.025, 1.007 to 1.076, all P<0.05). Conclusions:ESD is a safe and effective way to treat SEC, with low local recurrence rate and few complications, which is worthy of further clinical promotion.

Primary tumor location in lung cancer: the evaluation and administration / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world, which is classically subgrouped into two major histological types: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (85% of patients) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) (15%). Tumor location has been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various solid tumors. Several types of cancer often occur in a specific region and are more prone to spread to predilection locations, including colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, bladder cancer, lung tumor, and so on. Besides, tumor location is also considered as a risk factor for lung neoplasm with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema. Additionally, the primary lung cancer location is associated with specific lymph node metastasis. And the recent analysis has shown that the primary location may affect metastasis pattern in metastatic NSCLC based on a large population. Numerous studies have enrolled the "location" factor in the risk model. Anatomy location and lobe-specific location are both important in prognosis. Therefore, it is important for us to clarify the characteristics about tumor location according to various definitions. However, the inconsistent definitions about tumor location among different articles are controversial. It is also a significant guidance in multimode therapy in the present time. In this review, we mainly aim to provide a new insight about tumor location, including anatomy, clinicopathology, and prognosis in patients with lung neoplasm.

Proliferation kinetics of immune cells during early phase of bone marrow transplantation in mouse model based on chemotherapy conditioning / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To establish mouse bone marrow transplantation by pretreatment with chemotherapy, and to explore the dynamic changes of immune cells in the early stage of allogeneic transplantation in the spleen of mice.@*METHODS@#Mice were divided into 4 groups (80 mg/kg group, 100 mg/kg group, 120 mg/kg group, and 150 mg/kg group) according to the difference in dose of busulfan. The mice were treated with busulfan and cyclophosphamide combined chemotherapy, and the appropriate dosage was determined by evaluating the myeloablative effect and drug toxicity. According to the type of the genetic transplantation, the mice were also divided into 4 groups: An allogeneic transplantation group, a homogenic transplantation group, a chemotherapy alone group, and a normal control group. The mice were pretreated with busulfan and cyclophosphamide before bone marrow transplantation. In the allogeneic transplantation group, the suspension of splenocytes was prepared at the first day, the 3rd day, the 5th day, and the 8th day after transplantation for flow cytometry detection, and the dynamic changes of splenic immune cells were analyzed. The homogeneic transplantation group served as the concurrent control, the normal control group served as the control of basic value of spleen immune cells, and the chemotherapy alone group was used to evaluate the myeloablative effect.@*RESULTS@#1) The optimal dose of busulfan was 100 mg/kg. The combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide can restore the hematopoiesis of transplanted mice, and the toxicity associated with pretreatment is small. 2) In the allogeneic transplantation group: The hematopoietic reconstitution and high donor chimerism rate were achieved after transplantation. In the early phase of bone marrow transplantation, the T lymphocytes were the main cell group, while the recovery of B lymphocytes was relatively delayed. The dendritic cells and natural killer cells from donors were the earliest cells to recover and achieve high chimerism rate compared with T cells and B cells. Most T cells were in the initial T cell state within 5 days after allogeneic transplantation. However, in the 5th day after transplantation, these cells were mainly in the effective memory phenotype. The reconstruction of donor-derived naive T cells was slow, but the reconstruction of donor-derived effective memory T cells and regulatory T cells was relatively fast. 3) In the homogeneic transplantation group: The mice could recover hematopoiesis and the recovery of B lymphocytes was delayed. 4) In the chemotherapy alone group: All mice died in 12-15 days after chemotherapy, and the peripheral blood routine showed pancytopenia before death.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Pretreatment with chemotherapy can successfully establish the mouse model of bone marrow transplantation. There are difference in the proportion of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, effector memory T cells, initial T cells, and regulatory T cells after transplantation, and the relationship between donor and recipient is also changed.

Analysis on clinical efficacy and influencing factors of decitabine-based regimens in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts / 中国医师杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy,safety and influencing factors of decitabine (DAC)-based regimens in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts (MDS-RAEB).Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 63 patients with MDS-RAEB treated with DAC,evaluated the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions,and analyzed the influencing factors affecting survival.Results Among 63 patients,23 were RAEB-1 and 40 were RAEB-2.The median treatment was 4 (2-13) courses.The total effective rate of DAC for MDS-RAEB was 58.7％ (37/63),and the complete response rate was 20.6％ (13/63).Among 37 patients who were effective,20 (54.1％) patients performed efficacy after 2 courses.The median course of treatment to achieve the best effect was 3.5 (3-4) courses.With a median follow-up of 14 (2-68) months,63 patients had a overall survival rate (OS) of 84.2％ and a 1-year progression-free survival rate (PFS) of 73％.In univariate analysis,the factors that prolonged OS were that the best effect after medication was stable disease (SD) (to achieve complete remission,partial remission,complete bone marrow remission,hematological improvement) (P =0.009) and no thrombocytopenia at first diagnosis (P =0.019),the factor that prolongs PFS is the best effect above SD (P =0.003).Multivariate analysis suggested that the factors affecting OS and PFS were the best curative effects above SD (P =0.015 vs P =0.008).The adverse effects of decitabine in the treatment of MDSRAEB were mainly bone marrow suppression and pulmonary infection.Conclusions Decitabine is an effective and well-tolerated drug in the treatment of MDS-RAEB.Response to decitabine treatment is one of the independent factors affecting the prognosis.

Angiographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors of coronary artery aneurysm and coronary artery ectasia / 中国介入影像与治疗学

Objective: To observe the differences of angiographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and coronary artery ectasia (CAE). Methods Coronary angiographic data of 16 778 subjects were retrospectively analyzed. Results Coronary arteries dilatations were found in 211 patients, including 132 CAA (CAA group) and 79 CAE (CAE group). The morbidity of CAA, the concurrent morbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD) combined with CAA and Gensini score of CAA were all higher than that of CAE (all P<0.05). The average diameter of coronary arteries in patients with CAA was smaller than that in CAE patients (P<0.05), and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) was lower in CAA than CAE for all coronary arteries (all P<0.05). Dyslipidemia, smoking and family history of CHD were independent risk factors for CAA (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Significant differences of angiographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors exist between CAA and CAE.

Summary and expectation of the role of GnRHa in the treatment of breast cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

Gonadotropin-releasing-hormone analogues (GnRHa) are widely used in the treatment of premenopausal breast cancer. The anti-tumor effect of GnRHa is similar to that of surgical castration or chemotherapy, through reversibly inhibiting ovarian function and downregulating the estrogen level in premenopausal female. At the same time, GnRHa can protect the ovarian function, avoiding premature ovarian failure. Also GnRHa can reduce the breast density and endometrial thickness, as a result of which GnRHa may be used to prevent breast cancer in the higher risk population and promote quality of life in breast cancer patients. We here review the clinical roles and research progress of GnRHa in breast cancer.

Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on radiation-induced esophagitis of rabbit / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To analyze the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in radiation induced esophagitis of model rabbit.@*Methods@#Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into EGCG group, saline group, blank group. The rabbits in EGCG and saline groups were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays. The blank group did not receive radiation. After irradiation, rabbits were given with 440 μmol/L EGCG or saline three times a day in continuous 5 days. The scores of pathological changes of esophagus were observed by optical microscope.The serum levels of interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukine-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of 67KD laminin receptor (67LR) was detected by immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#After treatment, the scores of pathological changes of esophagus in blank group, saline group, EGCG group were 0, 3.9±1.10 and 2.80±0.92, respectively. At different time points after drug treatment, the levels of serum inflammatory factors among three groups were significantly different (F=23.66-236.32, P<0.05). The expressions of 67LR in esophageal tissue of 3 groups were also significantly different (F=585.38, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#EGCG reduced radiation-induced esophagitis in rabbits by decreasing the levels of serum inflammatory factors, which may be related to the expression of 67LR protein.

Ameliorate effect and mechanism of verbascoside on memory impairment in hypoxic mice / 药学实践杂志

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of verbascoside on hypoxia-induced memory impairment.Methods The eight-arm maze was used to train mice′s spatial memory ability.After successful training, mice were randomly divided into five groups:a normoxic control group (distilled water, 0.1ml/10g), hypoxic model group (distilled water, 0.1ml/10g), the verbascoside low dose group (50 mg/kg), medium dose group (150 mg/kg), and high dose group (300mg/kg) were administered orally once a day for a total of 7days.After administration on the fourth day, except for the normoxic control group was placed in the animal room (1 500m), the remaining four groups were placed in a large-scale hypobaric chamber to simulate the hypoxic environment of the plateau (7 500m, 3days).Eight-armed maze test (4 000m) was used and the plasma and brain tissues were dissected out and measured for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity in plasma and brain.Results Compared with the normoxic control group, the indexes of the eight-armed maze, ROS and MDA in the brain, MDA in the plasma of the hypoxia model group were significantly increased, and the GSH and T-SOD enzyme activities in the brain and plasma were notably decreased.Compared with the hypoxic model group, the indexes of the eight-armed maze, ROS and MDA in the brain, MDA in the plasma in the various groups of verbascoside were reduced more or less, the GSH and T-SOD enzyme activities in the brain and plasma slightly were increased.Conclusion Verbascoside could ameliorate the hypoxic memory impairment at high altitude, which might be related to the stabilization of the body′s antioxidant enzyme system balance and

Effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on radiation-induced esophagitis of rabbit / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To analyze the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in radiation induced esophagitis of model rabbit.Methods Thirty male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into EGCG group,saline group,blank group.The rabbits in EGCG and saline groups were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays.The blank group did not receive radiation.After irradiation,rabbits were given with 440 μmol/L EGCG or saline three times a day in continuous 5 days.The scores of pathological changes of esophagus were observed by optical microscope.The serum levels of interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β),interleukine-6 (IL-6),transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of 67KD laminin receptor (67LR)was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results After treatment,the scores of pathological changes of esophagus in blank group,saline group,EGCG group were 0,3.9± 1.10 and 2.80±0.92,respectively.At different time points after drug treatment,the levels of serum inflammatory factors among three groups were significantly different (F=23.66-236.32,P＜0.05).The expressions of 67LR in esophageal tissue of 3 groups were also significantly different (F=585.38,P＜0.05).Conclusions EGCG reduced radiationinduced esophagitis in rabbits by decreasing the levels of serum inflammatory factors,which may be related to the expression of 67LR protein.

Application of domestic porcine antihuman lymphocyte immunoglobulin in allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of domestic porcine antihuman lymphocyte immunoglobulin (p-ALG) in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) with allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods The clinical data of 5 SAA patients who received allogeneic HSCT from January 2015 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The conditioning regimen included p-ALG + cyclophosphamide + fludarabine. The method of peripheral stem cell and bone marrow blood was used in allogeneic HSCT (the total amount of bone marrow blood was less than 400 ml and the puncture point was not replaced). The p-ALG related complications, post-transplantation hemopoietic stem cell reconstitution time and efficacy were recorded. Results Allergic reaction occurred in 1 patient when using p-ALG, and there was no serum reaction. Hemopoietic reconstitution was achieved in all the 5 patients. The time for neutrophilic granulocyte > 0.5 × 109/L was 11 to 17 d, and the time for platelet count > 20 × 109/L was 11 to 15 d after transplantation. The results of short-strand repeat polymerase chain reaction assays showed all complete donor chimera. Graft versus host disease occurred in 3 cases, and was successfully controlled by methylprednisolone and tacrolimus. The time for stopping red blood cell transfusion was 9 to 87 d. The patients were followed up for 1 to 37 months, and the patients all survived well. Conclusions The efficacy of p-ALG in SAA patients of allogeneic HSCT is affirmative, and the cost is obviously reduced. It is worthy of clinical use.

Tuber borchii Shapes the Ectomycorrhizosphere Microbial Communities of Corylus avellana

In this study, eight-month-old ectomycorrhizae of Tuber borchii with Corylus avellana were synthesized to explore the influence of T. borchii colonization on the soil properties and the microbial communities associated with C. avellana during the early symbiotic stage. The results showed that the bacterial richness and diversity in the ectomycorrhizae were significantly higher than those in the control roots, whereas the fungal diversity was not changed in response to T. borchii colonization. Tuber was the dominant taxon (82.97%) in ectomycorrhizae. Some pathogenic fungi, including Ilyonectria and Podospora, and other competitive mycorrhizal fungi, such as Hymenochaete, had significantly lower abundance in the T. borchii inoculation treatment. It was found that the ectomycorrhizae of C. avellana contained some more abundant bacterial genera (e.g., Rhizobium, Pedomicrobium, Ilumatobacter, Streptomyces, and Geobacillus) and fungal genera (e.g., Trechispora and Humicola) than the control roots. The properties of rhizosphere soils were also changed by T. borchii colonization, like available nitrogen, available phosphorus and exchangeable magnesium, which indicated a feedback effect of mycorrhizal synthesis on soil properties. Overall, this work highlighted the interactions between the symbionts and the microbes present in the host, which shed light on our understanding of the ecological functions of T. borchii and facilitate its commercial cultivation.

Comparison of adriamycin-resistant breast cancer lines induced in two ways / 中国医师杂志

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of two Adriamycin-resistant breast cancer lines induced in different methods.Methods The MCF-7/ADM1 and MCF-7/ADM2 of breast cancer resistant cell lines were induced by low-concentration continuous increasing method and high concentration impact increasing method respectively.The morphological characteristics of the two cell lines were observed microscopically.The resistance index of the cells was determined with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.The cell growth curves were drawn,and calculate the cell double time.Cryopreservation in different concentrations of adriamycin (ADM),the resistant index (RI) changes were detected and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry.Results We succeeded in inducing drug-resistant breast cancer cell lines,which were cross-resistance to paclitaxel and cisplatin.The RI of MCF-7/ADM1 was higher than that of MCF-7/ADM2 (P ＜ 0.05).The Td of three cell lines were 24.01 h,34.04 h and 32.71 h,respectively.The RI of the two drug-resistant cell lines did not change significantly after cryopreservation (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with MCF-7 cell line,cells of drug-resistant cell lines decreased in S,G2/M phase,while that in G0/G1 phase increased.Conclusions The two methods can induce drug-resistant cell lines,and the resistance was relatively stable,but its biological characteristics were partially different.Its resistance mechanism and reversal target need to be further studied.

Prognosis analysis of 338 rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms with maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm / 中华消化杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm (r-NEN) with the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm,and to provide a theoretical evidence for selection of resection method.Methods From 1988 to 2015,the data of patients pathologically diagnosed as r-NEN with the maximum diameter less than 2 cm were selected from American surveillance,epidemiology,and end results (SEER) database with SEER * Stat 8.3.5 software.According to the resection method,the patients were divided into local resection group and radical resection group.T test and chi-square test were performed to compare the clinicopathological features.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox multivariate analysis were used to analyze the prognostic factors analysis.Results The maximum diameter of tumors of 1 831 patients with r-NEN was less than 1 cm,and that of 338 patients with r-NEN was between 1 cm and 2 cm.There were significant differences between two groups in tumor grade,tumor stage,T stage,lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis and resection method (x2 =7.120,144.728,86.296,133.096,42.842 and 52.048,all P ＜ 0.05).The prognosis of the former was better than that of the latter (x2 =11.590,P =0.001).Among the patients with r-NEN with the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm,279 (82.5％) patients received local resection and 59 (17.5％) patients underwent radical surgery.Propensity score matching was used to pair the r-NEN patients with the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm who received different resection methods,and 41 pairs of cases were enrolled.The results of univariate analysis showed that age and tumor grade affected the survival prognosis of patients with r-NEN of the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm (x2 =6.837 and 10.852,P =0.009 and 0.004).The results of Cox multivariate analysis indicated that age was an independent prognostic factor of patients with r-NEN of the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm (hazard ratio (HR) =1.110,95％ confidence interval (CI) 1.040 to 1.184,P =0.002).Analysis of subgroups without lymph nodes or distant metastases demonstrated that age (HR =1.101,95％ CI 1.042 to 1.162,P =0.001) and resection method (HR =3.128,95％ CI 1.003 to 9.754,P =0.049) were the independent factors.Conclusions Age is an independent factor of patients with r-NEN of the maximum diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm.Among the patients without lymph nodes or distant metastasis the younger cases and those with local resection have better prognosis.

The Uneven Distribution of Mating Type Genes in Natural and Cultivated Truffle Orchards Contributes to the Fructification of Tuber indicum

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of distribution of mating type (MAT) genes of Tuber indicum in ectomycorhizosphere soils from natural T. indicum-producing areas and cultivated truffle orchards and ascocarp samples from different regions. Quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex PCR were used to weight the copy numbers of MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 in natural truffle soils and cultivated orchard soils. The effect of limestone on the pattern of truffle MAT genes and the correlation between soil properties and the proportion of MAT genes were also assessed. These results indicated that an uneven and nonrandom distribution of MAT genes was common in truffle-producing areas, cultivated truffle orchards, and ascocarps gleba. The competition between the two mating type genes and the expansion of unbalanced distribution was found to be closely related to truffle fructification. Limestone treatments failed to alter the proportion of the two mating type genes in the soil. The content of available phosphorus in soil was significantly correlated with the value of MAT1-1-1/MAT1-2-1 in cultivated and natural ectomycorhizosphere soils. The application of real-time quantitative PCR can provide reference for monitoring the dynamic changes of mating type genes in soil. This study investigates the distributional pattern of T. indicum MAT genes in the ectomycorhizosphere soil and ascocarp gleba from different regions, which may provide a foundation for the cultivation of T. indicum.